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J. H. Stocqueler (21 July 1801 - 14 March 1886) was a journalist, government employee, entrepreneur, and inventor in England, India, and the United States of America. ==Biography== Joachim Hayward Stocqueler was born 21 July 1801 in Abchurch Lane, City of London and baptized 25 August 1801 at the Portuguese Embassy Chapel in London. His father was Joachim Christian Stocqueler, son of the opera singer Giovanna Sestini. His mother was Elizabeth Hayward, daughter of Francis Hayward, physician of Hackney. He was educated at Brochard's academy in Camden. After occasional jobs in a bank and with a traveling theater company, he had army training at Chatham and then sailed for Bombay in 1819. Stocqueler purchased his discharge from the army in 1824, made a visit to England and returned to Bombay in 1827. He was involved with newspaper publishing and the founding of the Bombay Public Library. Financial embarrassment led to his 15 month overland journey, during 1831 and 1832, from Bombay back to England via Khuzistan and Persia. Stocqueler returned to India in 1833, arriving in Calcutta where he soon purchased the newspaper ''John Bull''. He changed its name to ''The Englishman'' and, as its editor, gave it a liberal focus. Stocqueler also edited the ''Bengal Sporting Magazine'' and ''East India United Services Journal''. In 1836, the Calcutta Public Library was established at his suggestion. Later, he was closely involved with the ''Sans Souci'' theater. Financial problems landed Stocqueler in the Debtors Prison in Calcutta from October 1840 until February 1841. Following the sale of ''The Englishman'' he left India on the ''Hindostan'' in 1843. After some time in Egypt, he sailed on ''The Oriental'' to Malta, and later on a French steamer to Naples, then overland to London. Stocqueler was a prolific writer, making use of his experiences of the military and his travels. He wrote for the theater including the text for successful spectacles such as ''The Battle of The Alma'' and ''The Fall of Sebastopol'', both elaborately staged at Astley's Amphitheatre in south London. He was a charismatic lecturer and provided the commentary for dioramas at the Gallery of Illustration in Regent Street: subjects included the Overland Route to Australia and the ongoing story of the Crimean War. Stocqueler also lectured in many provincial cities. He edited the ''United Services Gazette'' for several years. Despite his varied occupations and help from his mother’s family, Stocqueler was frequently in financial difficulties, facing bankruptcy on several occasions. He ran away from the insolvency court in Maidstone, Kent and escaped, under the name of Siddons, to New York, with his then wife and children. After some five years in North America he returned to London for about ten years. At intervals from 1860 to his death, Stocqueler used the surname Siddons, mainly in the United States of America and, at times in Britain, claiming that he was the illegitimate son of George Siddons, son of Sarah Siddons the actress. He died on 14 March 1886 in Washington, D.C., USA, not 1885 in Bath, England, as is sometimes stated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joachim Hayward Stocqueler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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